Document Type
Article
Publication Date
5-27-2021
Abstract
Background: Human adenosine deaminases (ADAs) modulate the immune response: ADA1
Methods: In a subgroup of the EPIC002-study, clinical data and plasma samples were collected from 540 Gambian infants at four time-points: day of birth; first week of life; one month of age; and four months of age. Concentrations of total extracellular ADA, ADA1, and ADA2 were measured by chromogenic assay and evaluated in relation to clinical data. Plasma cytokines/chemokine were measured across the first week of life and correlated to ADA concentrations.
Results: ADA2 demonstrated a steady rise across the first months of life, while ADA1 concentration significantly decreased 0.79-fold across the first week then increased 1.4-fold by four months of life. Males demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of ADA2 (1.1-fold) than females at four months; newborns with early-term (37 to <39 >weeks) and late-term (≥41 weeks) gestational age demonstrated significantly higher ADA1 at birth (1.1-fold), and those born to mothers with advanced maternal age (≥35 years) had lower plasma concentrations of ADA2 at one month (0.93-fold). Plasma ADA1 concentrations were positively correlated with plasma CXCL8 during the first week of life, while ADA2 concentrations correlated positively with TNFα, IFNγ and CXCL10, and negatively with IL-6 and CXCL8.
Conclusions: The ratio of plasma ADA2/ADA1 concentration increased during the first week of life, after which both ADA1 and ADA2 increased across the first four months of life suggesting a gradual development of Th1/Th2 balanced immunity. Furthermore, ADA1 and ADA2 were positively correlated with cytokines/chemokines during the first week of life. Overall, ADA isoforms demonstrate robust ontogeny in newborns and infants but further mechanistic studies are needed to clarify their roles in early life immune development and the correlations with sex, gestational age, and maternal age that were observed.
Recommended Citation
Odumade, Oludare A.; Plotkin, Alec L.; Pak, Jensen; Idoko, Olubukola T.; Pettengill, Matthew A.; Kollmann, Tobias R.; Ozonoff, Al; Kampmann, Beate; Levy, Ofer; and Smolen, Kinga K., "Plasma Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)-1 and -2 Demonstrate Robust Ontogeny Across the First Four Months of Human Life." (2021). Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers. Paper 316.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/pacbfp/316
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
PubMed ID
34122398
Language
English
Comments
This article is the authors’ final published version in Frontiers in Immunology, Volume 12, May 2021, Article number 578700.
The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.578700. Copyright © Odumade et al.