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  A Novel Diabetes Elective Course for Pharmacy Students

  Amy M. Egras, PharmD, BCPS, BC-ADM

  Course Description & Objectives

  The Diabetes Immersion elective is a 2-credit hour course offered to pharmacy students in their 3rd year of pharmacy school.

  1. Demonstrate empathy regarding the impact of diabetes on everyday life.
  2. Demonstrate the ability to monitor blood glucose, count carbohydrates, inject “insulin”, and adjust insulin dose based on daily experiences.
  3. Discuss the impact of mental health and sociobehavioral/cultural aspects on diabetes.
  4. Develop and provide diabetes education to the community.

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  Improving Medication use for Project HOME Residents in an Urban Setting

  Toni Campanella, PharmD Candidate; Ashley Maister, PharmD Candidate; and Roshni S. Patel, PharmD, BCPS

  Partners:

  Project HOME is a non-profit organization in Philadelphia that provides housing, employment opportunities, medical care, and education to those who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless, including those with a history of serious mental health or substance misuse disorders.

  Jefferson College of Pharmacy students are dedicated to transforming the health and well-being of the community. By engaging in innovative opportunities, students are well-positioned to deliver patient-centered care.

  APhA-ASP serves as the collective voice of student pharmacists to provide opportunities for professional growth, to improve patient care, and to envision and advance the future of pharmacy.

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  The Bug-Bag: Consolidating Medications to Cut Costs

  James Harrigan, PharmD, MS3; Erin Bange, MD; Jessica Caro, MD; Sarah Yeager, PharmD; and David Manoff, MD

  Background

  Founded in 1991, JeffHOPE is an organization of student run medical clinics providing care to the homeless and underserved populations of Philadelphia. JeffHOPE currently operates at 5 different sites

  • Eliza Shirley

  Population served: Women and children

  Serves as a transitional shelter and aims to help newly homeless women and children find more stable housing

  • Sunday Breakfast

  Population served: Men older than 18

  Serves as a transitional shelter offering housing for 30 days for homeless men

  • ACTS

  Population served: Women and children

  Provides long term housing for women and children who are homeless. The shelter is also located next to a recovery house for drugs and alcohol whose participants are also seen in clinic.

  • Our Brothers’ Place

  Population served: Men older than 18

  Serves as a long term men’s homeless shelter. Most residents stay in the shelter for 60-90 days before finding more permanent housing.

  • Prevention Point

  Population served: Men, women, and children

  Mobile clinic conducted along with a needle exchange program using a harm reduction model of care.

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  Employing Pharmacy Students to Improve the Medication Use Process for Underserved Patients with a History of Mental Health or Substance Use Disorders

  Ashley Maister, PharmD Candidate; Toni Campanella, PharmD Candidate; and Roshni S. Patel, PharmD, BCPS

  Project HOME is a non-profit organization in Philadelphia that provides housing, employment opportunities, medical care, and education for chronically homeless individuals with serious mental health conditions.

  One nurse oversees the medication use process at three of Project HOME’s residences; however, non-clinical staff are responsible for carrying out the medication use process.

  The purpose of this project was to identify how the Jefferson College of Pharmacy’s APhA-ASP chapter could assist Project HOME with their medication-related needs and improve the medication use process.

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  The Effect of Undergraduate Exposure and Experience on Choosing to Pursue a Pharmacy Degree

  Erica M. McGovern, MS; Andrew Stacy, BS; Elena Schmidt, PhD, MA; and Elena Umland, PharmD

  BACKGROUND

  • Shortage of pharmacists identified by Department of Health and Human Services in 20001
  • Despite investment of significant recruitment resources to achieve optimum enrollment, fewer applications are being submitted for consideration to pharmacy school, and the number of students pursuing pharmacy school continues to decline2
  • American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Recruitment Admissions Task Force speculates that qualified candidates may be pursuing other healthcare professions due to lack of awareness of and limited exposure to the expanding role of the pharmacist2
  • Limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the primary factors motivating students to pursue a career in pharmacy

  Poster presented at: AACP Annual Meeting at Nashville, Tennessee, United States.

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  Methemoglobinemia in Acetaminophen Overdose and Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

  Maelen Ignacio, PharmD; Colin Craft, MD; Fern M. Martin, MD; and Cara McDaniel, PharmD, BCPS

  Background:

  • Methemoglobin (MetHb) is formed when the iron moiety of hemoglobin (Hgb) is oxidized from ferrous (Fe²⁺) to ferric (Fe³⁺) state à impaired O₂ delivery to tissues
  • Acetaminophen Metabolism:

  ~90% is metabolized in liver via sulfation and glucuronidation

  remainder is metabolized via CYP450 to a toxic oxidizing agent, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which is detoxified via glutathione¹

  • Acute Acetaminophen Overdose:

  saturates sulfation and glucuronidation pathways

  depletes glutathione stores

  leads to excess NAPQI à oxidative stress à methemoglobinemia¹

  • MetHb Reduction Pathway:

  cytochrome b5 reductase removes 95% to 99% of endogenous MetHb

  nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH

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  Daptomycin Non-Susceptible MRSA Bacteremia: A Case Report

  Jaclyn Cusumano, PharmD; Anna Marie Morlino, PharmD; and Andrew Moyer, PharmD

  Background

  Staphylococcus aureus^{1, 2, 3}

  • One of the most common pathogens causing community-acquired and nosocomial infections
  • Has rapidly developed resistance to many antibiotics:

  Daptomycin ²

  • Bactericidal cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic
  • Possesses negative charge which attracts calcium to form cationic complex
  • Interacts with negatively charged phospholipid heads on bacterial cell membranes, leading to membrane depolarization and cell death

  Daptomycin non-susceptible (DNS) S. aureus ^{2, 4, 5}

  • Extremely rare - About 60 clinical cases reported
  • Defined by an MIC greater than 1 mcg/mL
  • Potential mechanisms include:

  – Changes in cell membrane and cell wall structure alter daptomycin’s permeability²

  • Overexpression and dysregulation of dltA transcription increases D-alanylated teichoic acid content in the cell wall
  • mprF mutation leads to partially neutral charge of cell membrane

  – Vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) may predispose patients to develop DNS S. aureus²

  • Have seen increased resistance with lower doses^{4, 5}

  – 4 to 6 mg/kg/day has higher rates of DNS S. aureus

  – Experts recommend doses ≥ 8mg/kg/day especially for bacteremia