An Evaluation of the Components and Validity of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia

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Publication Date

7-24-2024

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Presentation: 31:46

Abstract

Schizophrenia is one of the mental health disorders that are among the leading causes of disability and disease burden worldwide. It is a mental illness that has an impact on all aspects of the patient’s life, including their thoughts, feelings, and actions. The WHO estimates that schizophrenia affects approximately 24 million people worldwide. Predicated upon this premise, the PANSS has been developed and used to evaluate the components and validity of schizophrenia. The scope of this capstone is to discuss the components and meaning of the PANSS and evaluate the validity of the PANSS scale for schizophrenia. A scoping review was performed using key words “PANSS” and “psychometrics” in PubMed to retrieve articles on the components and validity of the PANSS. A total of 7 articles published between 1987 and 2023 were retrieved and included in this work, discussing the PANSS subscales, the five-factors analysis, construct, criterion-related, pharmacological, and typological validation. The sample sizes of the research studies varied substantially, from 31 to 535 subjects. The Positive and Negative scales showed good interrater reliability and syndromes were independent constructs. The five-factor solution provides an adequate model as it accounts for 53.7% of the total variance, and the internal consistency for each factor was good. This scoping review highlights that the PANSS is a useful instrument measuring a broad range of schizophrenic symptoms and having adequate psychometric properties. The strengths of the PANSS include its structured interview, robust factor dimension, reliability detailed anchor points, validity and the psychometric properties assessment of schizophrenia. The most notable limitation of PANSS is that less than half of the variance items explained illustrate that PANSS items are not strongly correlated to the marginal sample size with psychiatric disorders. Further research is warranted to continue investigating the psychometric properties of the PANSS across languages and cultures.

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English

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