Document Type
Presentation
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Publication Date
6-28-2024
Abstract
Background and Significance
Chronic diseases are the leading cause of illness, disability, and death in the United States (CDC, 2023a). Among all chronic diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD) specifically is the leading cause of death, responsible for 1 in every 3 deaths in the United States (CDC, 2024). Deaths due to this chronic disease vary by racial and ethnic groups, presenting a health disparity. In 2021, more than 22% of all deaths caused by heart disease were in “Non-Hispanic Black Americans” (CDC, 2023d). Chronic diseases are also the leading drivers of the nation’s $4.1 trillion in annual healthcare costs (CDC, 2023a), with cardiovascular disease costing the healthcare system $216 billion per year in health care system costs and $147 billion in lost productivity due to premature death (CDC, 2022). Most CVDs can be prevented by addressing behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol (WHO, 2024a). These behavioral risk factors are often the focus of primary preventions for CVD that aim to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve overall quality of life.
Life expectancy fell 2.4 years between 2019 and 2021 in the United States (CDC, 2023g). While much of this decline is attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, heart disease is still the leading cause of death (CDC, 2024a). Preventable morbidity and mortality remain significant concerns in the United States, where our system can be described as a “sick care” health model as opposed to a “health care” one. Globally, chronic non-communicable diseases, which includes cardiovascular disease, are the leading preventable causes of death (WHO, 2023). These diseases are predominantly influenced by individuals’ lifestyles and behaviors, and their negative consequences are strongly managed by prevention (Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk, 2019). To address these issues, preventive healthcare practice has gained importance in various healthcare disciplines to maintain and promote health, reduce risk factors, diagnose illnesses early, and prevent complications (AbdulRaheem, 2023).
Race is a social construct without biological meaning. This paper will therefore use the proper term of “persons racialized as Black or African American” to describe persons that have self-identified as having Black or African American ancestry. Quotations will be used when referring to populations cited in previous literature that does not use the proper racialized term, such as when citing from articles that describe populations as “non-Hispanic Black”. There is a need for increased preventative efforts for cardiovascular disease for those who are racialized as Black or African American due to the high prevalence of CVD as a result of systemic mistreatment of this community over the course of the history of medicine. There is a gap in the current literature to summarize the non-pharmacological primary preventions that are proven to be effective at preventing CVD, particularly for this historically marginalized and underserved population. This section will outline the pertinent information as it relates to cardiovascular disease, how CVD disproportionately affects those racialized as Black or African American as a result of systemic racism, as well as the importance of modifiable risk factors and non-pharmacological primary prevention methods for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Recommended Citation
Sokoloski, Kristen, "A Rapid Systematic Review of Non-Pharmacological Primary Prevention Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease in the United States that Include Persons Racialized as Black or African American" (2024). Master of Public Health Capstone Presentations. Presentation 565.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/mphcapstone_presentation/565
Language
English
Comments
Presentation: 6:10
Poster attached as supplemental file below