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Publication Date

6-28-2024

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Presentation: 5:34

Poster attached as supplemental file below

Abstract

The rising number of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) procedures, attributed to the aging population, highlights the need to assess factors influencing surgical outcomes. Nutritional status is a critical determinant of patient outcomes, with malnutrition linked to increased risks of surgical complications. Food insecurity, affecting 9% of Americans aged 65 and older, may exacerbate malnutrition, thereby impacting TJA outcomes. This rapid systematic review aims to investigate the relationship between food access, malnutrition, and SSI rates among U.S. patients undergoing TJA. A comprehensive search of PubMed and CINAHL databases was conducted in January-February 2024 to identify studies published before December 2023 examining the effects of food access and/or malnutrition on SSI rates among TJA patients. Eligible studies were screened, and data on study characteristics, nutritional status, SSI rates, and postoperative outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Out of 2893 initially identified articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate a significant association between poor nutritional status, particularly low serum albumin levels, and higher SSI rates. Malnourished patients also exhibited prolonged hospital stays, increased postoperative complications, and higher readmission rates. Malnutrition significantly impacts TJA outcomes, emphasizing the need for preoperative nutritional assessments and interventions. Addressing nutritional deficiencies preoperatively can enhance patient recovery, reduce SSIs, and lower healthcare costs. Future research should focus on standardized nutritional assessment tools and interventions to improve TJA patient outcomes.

Lay Summary

As people age, more individuals undergo joint replacement surgeries, such as knee or hip replacements, to improve their quality of life. However, not everyone goes into these surgeries in the best health. One important factor affecting recovery from these surgeries is nutrition. Good nutrition helps the body heal, while poor nutrition can lead to complications like infections at the surgical site. This study looked at how overall nutritional health impacts the outcomes of joint replacement surgeries in the United States. The research found that patients who are malnourished are more likely to experience infections and other complications after surgery. These patients often have to stay in the hospital longer and are more likely to be readmitted for further treatment. The study suggests that healthcare providers should check patients' nutritional status before surgery and provide support to those who are malnourished or at risk of poor nutrition. By improving patients' nutrition before surgery, we can help them recover faster and reduce the chances of complications, which can also help lower overall healthcare costs. This highlights the importance of ensuring that all patients, especially older adults, have access to sufficient and nutritious food to support their health, particularly when they are facing surgery.

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202406_Gee_Rachel_poster.pptx (1387 kB)

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English

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