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Publication Date

3-22-2024

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Presentation: 4:30

Poster attached as supplemental file below

Abstract

Periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and progressive destruction of periodontal tissues, affects a significant proportion of the global population. Concurrently, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Evidence suggests a potential link between periodontitis and CVD, mediated by systemic inflammation. However, gaps remain in understanding how periodontal treatment influences cardiovascular health. This rapid systematic review addresses this gap by examining changes in cardiovascular biomarkers, focusing on C-reactive protein (CRP), a key marker of inflammation associated with CVD risk following periodontal treatment. A comprehensive search of two databases PubMed and Scopus yielded seven studies meeting inclusion criteria, which focused on adults with periodontal disease and CVD. Results consistently showed a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, following various types of periodontal treatment. These findings underscore the potential of gum disease treatment to mitigate systemic inflammation and reduce cardiovascular risk. Periodontal treatments varied among studies, with the most common being non-surgical periodontal treatment followed by oral hygiene instructions. While the review provides valuable insights into the connection between gum disease and cardiovascular health, further research with larger and more diverse populations is needed to confirm these findings. Given the potential impact these findings inform healthcare policies to improve public health outcomes. Integrating dental care into overall cardiovascular risk management strategies, emphasizing the impact of oral health on cost-effective approach to managing cardiovascular risk factors and improving overall health outcomes, informing healthcare policies and guidelines.

Lay Summary

Gum disease are diseases of supporting structures teeth like bone and tissue that is caused due to infection from specific bacteria. This causes problems like receding gums and bone loss around teeth. Heart disease refers to issues affecting the heart and blood vessels, such as heart attacks and strokes. This paper explores the link between gum disease and heart disease. And how treating gum disease might improve heart health.

Infection in gums spreads through blood and start or worsen heart diseases. Treating gum disease could improve heart health by reducing infection. Research suggests a connection between gum disease and heart problems. The paper looks at changes in certain biomarkers related to heart health before and after gum treatment. Biomarkers are molecules in blood that are used to identify disease. The biomarker of interest in this study is C – reactive protein which is cost effective and most efficient biomarker.

The study reviewed research from 2017 to 2023 involving adults with gum disease and heart conditions. After reviewing 137 articles that resulted from the search, seven studies met the criteria.

Results consistently showed that gum treatment lowered levels C – reactive protein, linked to inflammation and heart disease risk. Various gum treatments, including nonsurgical ones like scaling and root planning which is cleaning of tooth surfaces from deposits like plaque and tartar, were effective in reducing levels of C – reactive protein. This suggests treating gum disease might lower inflammation and heart disease risk.

While this review gives insights into the link between gum diseases and heart diseases, more research with larger and diverse groups is needed to confirm. Still, it underscores the importance of dental care in managing heart risk, showing how oral health affects overall well-being.

Additional Files
2024_Osuri_Keerthana_poster.pptx (633 kB)

Language

English

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