Document Type
Article
Publication Date
11-20-2020
Abstract
PURPOSE: Therapeutically actionable molecular alterations are widely distributed across cancer types. The National Cancer Institute Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (NCI-MATCH) trial was designed to evaluate targeted therapy antitumor activity in underexplored cancer types. Tumor biopsy specimens were analyzed centrally with next-generation sequencing (NGS) in a master screening protocol. Patients with a tumor molecular alteration addressed by a targeted treatment lacking established efficacy in that tumor type were assigned to 1 of 30 treatments in parallel, single-arm, phase II subprotocols.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tumor biopsy specimens from 5,954 patients with refractory malignancies at 1,117 accrual sites were analyzed centrally with NGS and selected immunohistochemistry in a master screening protocol. The treatment-assignment rate to treatment arms was assessed. Molecular alterations in seven tumors profiled in both NCI-MATCH trial and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of primary tumors were compared.
RESULTS: Molecular profiling was successful in 93.0% of specimens. An actionable alteration was found in 37.6%. After applying clinical and molecular exclusion criteria, 17.8% were assigned (26.4% could have been assigned if all subprotocols were available simultaneously). Eleven subprotocols reached their accrual goal as of this report. Actionability rates differed among histologies (eg, > 35% for urothelial cancers and < 6% for pancreatic and small-cell lung cancer). Multiple actionable or resistance-conferring tumor mutations were seen in 11.9% and 71.3% of specimens, respectively. Known resistance mutations to targeted therapies were numerically more frequent in NCI-MATCH than TCGA tumors, but not markedly so.
CONCLUSION: We demonstrated feasibility of screening large numbers of patients at numerous accruing sites in a complex trial to test investigational therapies for moderately frequent molecular targets. Co-occurring resistance mutations were common and endorse investigation of combination targeted-therapy regimens.
Recommended Citation
Flaherty, Keith T; Gray, Robert J; Chen, Alice P; Li, Shuli; McShane, Lisa M; Patton, David; Hamilton, Stanley R; Williams, P Mickey; Iafrate, A John; Sklar, Jeffrey; Mitchell, Edith P; Harris, Lyndsay N; Takebe, Naoko; Sims, David J; Coffey, Brent; Fu, Tony; Routbort, Mark; Zwiebel, James A; Rubinstein, Larry V; Little, Richard F; Arteaga, Carlos L; Comis, Robert; Abrams, Jeffrey S; O'Dwyer, Peter J; and Conley, Barbara A, "Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in a Genomically Guided Cancer Clinical Trial: National Cancer Institute Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (NCI-MATCH)." (2020). Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers. Paper 127.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/medoncfp/127
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
PubMed ID
33048619
Language
English
Comments
This is the final published article in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2020 Nov 20;38(33):3883-3894.
The article can also be accessed on the journal website: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.03010
Copyright. The Authors.