The Influence of Sociodemographic, Tobacco Use, and Mental Health Characteristics on Treatment Adherence Among Adults Enrolled in a Community-Based Tobacco Cessation Program

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-19-2024

Comments

This article is the author's final published version in Addictive Behaviors Reports, Volume 20, December 2024, Article number 100568.

The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100568. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: While counseling and pharmacological interventions are known to facilitate smoking cessation, poor adherence can impact their effectiveness. Therefore, this study aimed to identify personal and clinical factors that influenced adherence to smoking cessation treatment among socioeconomically disadvantaged adult Oklahomans enrolled in a publicly available tobacco treatment program and observational research study.

METHODS: Adult participants (N = 442) were enrolled in a community-based tobacco treatment program. Logistic regression models identified sociodemographic, mental health, and substance use characteristics associated with treatment adherence. Adherence was measured by counseling session attendance and weeks of moderate/high medication adherence assessed via the Medication Adherence Questionnaire. Analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4 with p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Participants (mean age of 53, 55 % female, and 42.3 % racially minoritized), smoked 16 (SD = 10) cigarettes/day for 30 years on average (SD = 15), and 44.8 % reported depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CESD] score ≥ 10). Self-efficacy, White race, increasing age, and years of smoking were positively associated with counseling adherence, while menthol use, being uninsured, and depression predicted lower counseling adherence. Medication adherence was lower among individuals who used menthol cigarettes, lived with someone who smoked, and had higher levels of expired carbon monoxide.

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights key factors that influenced adherence to smoking cessation treatment in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population. Tailored interventions are needed to address social, behavioral, and environmental factors, such as living situations and mental health, in smoking cessation interventions to enhance treatment outcomes for underserved populations. Future tobacco cessation programs should consider these factors to improve adherence and, ultimately, success rates.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License

PubMed ID

39559172

Language

English

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