Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-21-2024

Comments

This article is the author's final published version in Toxins, Volume 16, Issue 8, August 2024 , Article number 371.

The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16080371.

Copyright © 2024 by the authors

Abstract

Our objective was to provide expert consensus on best practices for anatomy teaching and training on ultrasound-guided botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) injection for specialists involved in treating spasticity and dystonia. Nine experts (three neurologists; six physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians) participated in a three-round modified Delphi process. Over three rounds, experts reached consensus on 15 of 16 statements describing best practices for anatomy and BoNT-A injection training. They unanimously agreed that knowledge of the target audience, including their needs and current competency, is crucial when designing training programs. Experts also agreed that alignment between instructors is essential to ensure consistency of approach over time and between regions, and that training programs should be simple, adaptable, and "hands-on" to enhance engagement and learning. Consensus was also reached for several other key areas of training program development. The best-practice principles identified by expert consensus could aid in the development of effective, standardized programs for anatomy teaching and BoNT-A injection training for the purposes of treating spasticity and dystonia. This will enhance the exchange of knowledge, skills, and educational approaches between global experts, allowing more specialists to treat important movement disorders and ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Additional Files
Supplementary Materials.zip (273 kB)

PubMed ID

39195781

Language

English

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