Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-5-2020
Abstract
Innervation plays a pivotal role as a driver of tissue and organ development as well as a means for their functional control and modulation. Therefore, innervation should be carefully considered throughout the process of biofabrication of engineered tissues and organs. Unfortunately, innervation has generally been overlooked in most non-neural tissue engineering applications, in part due to the intrinsic complexity of building organs containing heterogeneous native cell types and structures. To achieve proper innervation of engineered tissues and organs, specific host axon populations typically need to be precisely driven to appropriate location(s) within the construct, often over long distances. As such, neural tissue engineering and/or axon guidance strategies should be a necessary adjunct to most organogenesis endeavors across multiple tissue and organ systems. To address this challenge, our team is actively building axon-based "living scaffolds" that may physically wire in during organ development in bioreactors and/or serve as a substrate to effectively drive targeted long-distance growth and integration of host axons after implantation. This article reviews the neuroanatomy and the role of innervation in the functional regulation of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle tissue and highlights potential strategies to promote innervation of biofabricated engineered muscles, as well as the use of "living scaffolds" in this endeavor for both in vitro and in vivo applications. We assert that innervation should be included as a necessary component for tissue and organ biofabrication, and that strategies to orchestrate host axonal integration are advantageous to ensure proper function, tolerance, assimilation, and bio-regulation with the recipient post-implant.
Recommended Citation
Das, Suradip; Gordián-Vélez, Wisberty J.; Ledebur, Harry C.; Mourkiot, Foteini; Rompolas, Panteleimon; Chen, H. . Isaac; Serruya, Mijail D.; and Cullen, D. Kacy, "Innervation: The Missing Link for Biofabricated Tissues and Organs" (2020). Department of Neurology Faculty Papers. Paper 216.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/neurologyfp/216
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
PubMed ID
32550009
Language
English
Comments
This is the final version of the article published in NPJ: Regeneratiev Medicine, Volume 5, 2020, article number 11.
The published veresion of the article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41536-020-0096-1
Copyright Das et al.