Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-3-2026

Comments

This article is the author's final published version in Emerging Microbes and Infections, Volume 15, Issue 1, 2026, Article number 2620221.

The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2026.2620221. Copyright © 2026 The Author(s).

Abstract

The recent spillover of highly pathogenic influenza A/H5N1 (HPAI-H5N1) viruses to cattle, other mammals, and humans poses a major risk to animal and human health. Virus adaptation to new species highlights the need for effective vaccines for animals and humans. We recently developed a rabies virus-based H5 vaccine encoding the HPAI-H5 antigen and presenting it on the surface of the rabies virus particle. To test the immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine in eliciting systemic and mucosal immune response, we vaccinated mice intramuscularly or intranasally with either live or inactivated and adjuvanted vaccine. The vaccine elicited neutralizing antibodies against RABV and H5N1 Influenza virus and protected mice from a lethal challenge with PR8 recombinants reassorted with the HA of clade 1 (Viet Nam 1203) or clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI-H5N1 viruses, highlighting its potential use in mitigating the risk of HPAI-H5N1 pandemic.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License

PubMed ID

41555519

Language

English

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