Emily Bontekoe, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Division, Loyola University Medical Center, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
Yevgeniy Brailovsky, Advanced Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support, Heart Transplant, Jefferson Heart Institute, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.Follow
Debra Hoppensteadt, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Division, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA.
Jack Bontekoe, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Division, Loyola University Medical Center, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
Fakiha Siddiqui, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Division, Loyola University Medical Center, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
Joshua Newman, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
Omer Iqbal, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Ophthalmology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
Trent Reed, Department of Emergency Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
Jawed Fareed, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Division, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA.
Amir Darki, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-10-2021

Comments

This article is the author's final published version in Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Volume 27, 2021.

The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1177/10760296211013107

Copyright © The Author(s) 2021.

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use,reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

Abstract

The complex pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism (PE) involves hemostatic activation, inflammatory processes, cellular dysfunction, and hemodynamic derangements. Due to the heterogeneity of this disease, risk stratification and diagnosis remains challenging. Biochip-array technology provides an integrated high throughput method for analyzing blood plasma samples for the simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers for potential risk stratification. Using biochip-array method, this study aimed to quantify the inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in 109 clinically confirmed PE patients in comparison to the control group comprised of plasma samples collected from 48 healthy subjects. Cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β, and MCP-1 demonstrated varying level of significant increase (P < 0.05) in massive-risk PE patients compared to submassive- and low-risk PE patients. The upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in PE patients observed in this study suggest that inflammation plays an important role in the overall pathophysiology of this disease. The application of biochip-array technology may provide a useful approach to evaluate these biomarkers to understand the pathogenesis and risk stratification of PE patients.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License

PubMed ID

33969714

Language

English

Download

Included in

Cardiology Commons

Share

COinS