Peripheral arterial disease, prevalence and cumulative risk factor profile analysis.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-1-2014
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The primary aim of the present study was to determine the cumulative effect of a set of peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors among age, gender and race/ethnicity groups in the United States.
METHODS: We examined data from a nationally representative sample of the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES], 1999-2004). A total of 7058 subjects 40 years or older that completed the interview, medical examination and had ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements were included in this study.
RESULTS: The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of PAD was 4.6 % (standard error [SE] 0.3%).The highest prevalence of PAD was observed among elderly, non-Hispanic Blacks and women. In a multivariable age-, gender- and race/ethnicity-adjusted model hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and smoking were retained as PAD risk factors (p ≤ 0.05 for each). The odds of PAD increased with each additional risk factor present from a non-significant 1.5-fold increase (O.R 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-2.6) in the presence of one risk factor, to more than ten-fold (OR 10.2, 95% CI 6.4-16.3) in the presence of three or more risk factors. In stratified analysis, non-Hispanic Blacks (OR 14.7, 95% CI 2.1-104.1) and women (OR 18.6, 95% CI 7.1-48.7) were particularly sensitive to this cumulative effect.
CONCLUSION: In a large nationally representative sample, an aggregate set of risk factors that included diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and smoking significantly increase the likelihood of prevalent PAD. A cumulative risk factor analysis highlights important susceptibility differences among different population groups and provides additional evidence to redefine screening strategies in PAD.
Recommended Citation
Eraso, Luis H. Jefferson Vascular Center, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University; Fukaya, Eri; Mohler, Emile R; Xie, Dawei; Sha, Daohang; and Berger, Jeffrey S, "Peripheral arterial disease, prevalence and cumulative risk factor profile analysis." (2014). Department of Medicine Faculty Papers. Paper 124.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/medfp/124
PubMed ID
22739687
Comments
This article has been peer reviewed. It was published in: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.
Volume 21, Issue 6, June 2014, Pages 704-711.
The published version is available at DOI: 10.1177/2047487312452968
Copyright © The European Society of Cardiology 2012