Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-8-2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Protection against symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) can limit transmission and the risk of post-COVID conditions, and is particularly important among healthcare personnel. However, lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) has been reported since predominance of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant.
METHODS: We evaluated the VE of a monovalent messenger RNA (mRNA) booster dose against COVID-19 from October 2021 to June 2022 among US healthcare personnel. After matching case-participants with COVID-19 to control-participants by 2-week period and site, we used conditional logistic regression to estimate the VE of a booster dose compared with completing only 2 mRNA doses >150 days previously, adjusted for multiple covariates.
RESULTS: Among 3279 case-participants and 3998 control-participants who had completed 2 mRNA doses, we estimated that the VE of a booster dose against COVID-19 declined from 86% (95% confidence interval, 81%-90%) during Delta predominance to 65% (58%-70%) during Omicron predominance. During Omicron predominance, VE declined from 73% (95% confidence interval, 67%-79%) 14-60 days after the booster dose, to 32% (4%-52%) ≥120 days after a booster dose. We found that VE was similar by age group, presence of underlying health conditions, and pregnancy status on the test date, as well as among immunocompromised participants.
CONCLUSIONS: A booster dose conferred substantial protection against COVID-19 among healthcare personnel. However, VE was lower during Omicron predominance, and waning effectiveness was observed 4 months after booster dose receipt during this period. Our findings support recommendations to stay up to date on recommended doses of COVID-19 vaccines for all those eligible.
Recommended Citation
Plumb, Ian D.; Mohr, Nicholas M.; Hagen, Melissa; Wiegand, Ryan; Dumyati, Ghinwa; Harland, Karisa K.; Krishnadasan, Anusha; Gist, Jade James; Abedi, Glen; Fleming-Dutra, Katherine E; Chea, Nora; Lee, Jane; Barter, Devra; Brackney, Monica; Fridkin, Scott K.; Wilson, Lucy E.; Lovett, Sara A.; Ocampo, Valerie; Phipps, Erin C.; Marcus, Tiffanie M.; Smithline, Howard A.; Hou, Peter C.; Lee, Lilly C.; Moran, Gregory J.; Krebs, Elizabeth; Steele, Mark T.; Lim, Stephen C.; Schrading, Walter A.; Chinnock, Brian; Beiser, David G.; Faine, Brett; Haran, John P.; Nandi, Utsav; Chipman, Anne K.; LoVecchio, Frank; Talan, David A.; and Pilishvili, Tamara, "Effectiveness of a Messenger RNA Vaccine Booster Dose Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among US Healthcare Personnel, October 2021-July 2022" (2023). Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers. Paper 234.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/emfp/234
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication 1.0 License.
PubMed ID
37799130
Language
English
Comments
This article is the author’s final published version in Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 10, Issue 10, October 2023, Article number ofad457.
The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad457. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.