Document Type

Article

Publication Date

3-23-2023

Comments

This article is the author's final published version in Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, Volume 24, Issue 24, 2023, Article number 95.

The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2404095. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.

Abstract

Patients with acromegaly carry a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In fact, CVD is the leading cause of mortality among this group of patients. The most frequent cardiovascular complications are heart failure (HF), valvular disease, hypertension, arrhythmias, and coronary artery disease (CAD). The pathophysiology centers on the family of growth hormone (GH). These hormones are involved in normal cardiac development and function; however, excess of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), the principally active hormone, can also cause negative effects on the cardiovascular system. HF in acromegaly usually presents with biventricular enlargement and diastolic dysfunction and is strongly associated with the duration of GH excess rather than the degree of hormone elevation. There is a high prevalence of valvular disease affecting aortic and mitral valves among patients with longer disease duration. The development of hypertension in acromegaly may be attributed to the effects of chronic GH/IGF-1 excess on different organ systems, which act via several mechanisms. The aspect of arrhythmia and CAD complicating acromegaly are currently not fully understood.

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Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Language

English

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