Document Type

Article

Publication Date

7-22-2026

Comments

This article, first published by Frontiers Media, is the author’s final published version in Frontiers in Immunology, Volume 17, 2026, Article number 1886102.

The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1886102. Copyright © 2026 Cheng, Gao,Zhang, Gao,Mei, Liu, Gao, Guo and An.

 

Abstract

The neural-immune-cardiovascular axis represents an emerging and highly integrated physiological and pathophysiological concept, describing a complex bidirectional communication network between the nervous, immune, and vascular systems. This review systematically examines the pivotal role of this axis in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We first provide an overview of the fundamental signaling pathways between the components of this axis. Subsequently, we delve into the specific crosstalk mechanisms within the axis in the context of major cardiovascular conditions, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. A central focus is placed on critically evaluating the potential therapeutic targets and intervention strategies that have emerged from our understanding of this axis's mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective for understanding the multi-system pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and for informing the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Language

English

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