Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-17-2024
Abstract
Advancements in neuroimaging, particularly diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET), have significantly enhanced the early detection of biomarkers in neurodegenerative and neuro-ophthalmic disorders. These include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease. This review highlights the transformative role of advanced diffusion MRI techniques-Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging-in identifying subtle microstructural changes in the brain and visual pathways that precede clinical symptoms. When integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, these techniques achieve unprecedented diagnostic precision, facilitating early detection of neurodegeneration and inflammation. Additionally, next-generation PET tracers targeting misfolded proteins, such as tau and alpha-synuclein, along with inflammatory markers, enhance the visualization and quantification of pathological processes in vivo. Deep learning models, including convolutional neural networks and multimodal transformers, further improve diagnostic accuracy by integrating multimodal imaging data and predicting disease progression. Despite challenges such as technical variability, data privacy concerns, and regulatory barriers, the potential of AI-enhanced neuroimaging to revolutionize early diagnosis and personalized treatment in neurodegenerative and neuro-ophthalmic disorders is immense. This review underscores the importance of ongoing efforts to validate, standardize, and implement these technologies to maximize their clinical impact.
Recommended Citation
Kumar, Rahul; Waisberg, Ethan; Ong, Joshua; Paladugu, Phani; Amiri, Dylan; Saintyl, Jeremy; Yelamanchi, Jahnavi; Nahouraii, Robert; Jagadeesan, Ram; and Tavakkoli, Alireza, "Artificial Intelligence-Based Methodologies for Early Diagnostic Precision and Personalized Therapeutic Strategies in Neuro-Ophthalmic and Neurodegenerative Pathologies" (2024). SKMC Student Presentations and Publications. Paper 34.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/skmcstudentworks/34
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Language
English
Included in
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Commons, Diagnosis Commons, Eye Diseases Commons, Nervous System Diseases Commons, Neurology Commons, Ophthalmology Commons, Therapeutics Commons
Comments
This article is the author's final published version in Brain Sciences, Volume 14, Issue 12, December 2024, Article number 1266.
The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14121266.
Copyright © 2024 by the authors