Document Type

Article

Publication Date

3-31-2025

Comments

This article is the author's final published version in Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports, Volume 13, Issue 1, 2025, Article number 21.

The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40141-025-00491-9.

Copyright © The Author(s) 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review: Biological sex differences are an important factor to consider when treating TBI, as there can be a disproportionate manifestation of symptoms and recovery process when comparing females to males. Historically, these differences have not been well studied, and there is still much to be understood as to why these differences exist. Recent Findings: A number of factors are thought to contribute to disparities with women who have a TBI, including lack of well-designed research studies focused on women, hormonal fluctuations at the time of and as a result of a TBI, psychosocial comorbidities, and societal norms/expectations. While these factors have been documented in recent studies, there are a number of contradictory findings with regard to this, leaving gaps in our current level of knowledge. Summary: More research with special emphasis on women is warranted to better understand the biological sex differences in TBI symptoms and recovery and to help guide more effective management strategies for this population.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Language

English

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