Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Luminal Gastrointestinal Malignancies: Going Beyond MSI-H/dMMR, TMB and PD-L1

Authors

Daniel S. Lefler, Thomas Jefferson UniversityFollow
Adam E. Snook, Thomas Jefferson UniversityFollow
Babar Bashir, Thomas Jefferson UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-1-2022

Comments

This article is the authors' final version prior to publication in Immunotherapy, Volume 14, Number 11, August 2022, Pages 885-902.

The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.2217/imt-2022-0012. Copyright © Future Medicine Ltd.

Abstract

In luminal gastrointestinal tumors, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have been investigated in multiple settings. The indications for these drugs are primarily dependent on specific biomarkers that imply immunogenicity: overexpression of PD-L1, tumor mutational burden, loss of mismatch repair proteins (dMMR) and/or high microsatellite instability status. Although these markers can be both predictive and prognostic, there is variability in how they are measured and used to guide therapies. Moreover, the use of ICIs can be further refined with a better understanding of the tumor microenvironment and interactions with other available therapies. The purpose of this review is to characterize luminal gastrointestinal tumors' responses to ICIs considering known predictive biomarkers and discuss emerging therapeutic approaches using ICIs.

Recommended Citation

Lefler, Daniel S.; Snook, Adam E.; and Bashir, Babar, "Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Luminal Gastrointestinal Malignancies: Going Beyond MSI-H/dMMR, TMB and PD-L1" (2022). Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers. Paper 199.
https://jdc.jefferson.edu/medoncfp/199

PubMed ID

35694998

Language

English